(Review of) a non-fiction book about a fiction book

Books about other books are right up my alley. I recently enjoyed J. R. R. Tolkien's Sanctifying Myth by Bradley J. Birzer.

Tolkien said The Lord of the Rings was not an allegory. In his foreword to the second edition, he asserted, "As for any inner meaning or 'message,' it has in the intention of the author none." This was said in opposition to interpretations of Lord of the Rings as representing World War II, and the One Ring being nuclear weapons. On the other hand, Tolkien did say that "his Catholic faith was the most important or most ‘significant’ influence on the writing of the work.”

Tolkien’s Sanctifying Myth examines many elements which Tolkien drew on, namely his Catholic faith; his view of the role of myth, that “myths express far greater truths than do historical facts or events”; his love of languages, especially Anglo-Saxon, Old Norse, Gothic, and Welsh; medieval literature and studies, such as Beowulf; and Christian humanist philosophy.

God is never directly mentioned in Lord of the Rings, but Christian themes and symbols pervade. As Tolkien was mentally immersed in the ideas of sin, redemption, kings, prophets, priests, sacraments, Creators, angels, fallen angels, and so on; he made those things intrinsically part of the story. The story does not repeat the gospel in code as an allegory would, but it is a re-expression of the true concepts of redemption, heroism, overcoming evil, the continual return of evil, and so on.

To me, Birzer’s most fascinating explanation is how Frodo is a priest “who carries the Ring—the cross of Christ, the sins of the world—into the heart of hell (Mordor).” This representation complements my own Christian belief that sin is the power by which Satan strives to enslave humanity. Sam Gamgee is the story’s protagonist—the saint, his character sanctified and defined by loyalty. The story ends with Sam’s return to life as it should be, becoming a husband and father in the Shire.

Birzer’s book explains a great deal in a short space, just 138 pages of commentary plus notes/index. I will want to refer to it again, and recommend it as “what to read next” when Lord of the Rings has been enjoyed.